What is typically recorded in an access log?

Access logs primarily serve the purpose of tracking HTTP requests made to a web server. When a client, such as a browser, makes a request for a specific resource (like a webpage or file), the web server records this request in the access log. This log entry typically includes information such as the client's IP address, the time of the request, the requested resource, the HTTP status code returned, and the user agent string identifying the client software.

These logs are essential for various reasons, including monitoring server performance, analyzing usage patterns, identifying potential security issues, and debugging. Understanding what resources are accessed and by whom can help system administrators make informed decisions regarding optimization and security of web applications.

The other choices provided do not align with the purpose of access logs. User credentials are usually managed and stored securely in authentication logs, not in access logs. All incoming and outgoing network traffic is recorded in network logs or traffic analysis tools, which cover a broader scope beyond just web server interactions. System errors and warnings are typically captured in error logs, which are separate from access logs and focus on documenting problems encountered by the system or application.